This type of testing is conducted in Shipping domain. In U.S different states have different Tax policies. For shipping a product to each state differs the Tax amount, it varies up on state. For Texas, it is 15% more(approx). This kind to test is called State Based Testing.

It is a test design technique in which test cases are designed to execute valid state transactions.

The two primary elements in test estimation are time and resources. Your estimation needs to take both into account. There are many questions you need to answer in order to do test estimation. Th...

For Testing Projects we use TCP (Test Case Point) Analysis and FTP (Function Test Point) Analysis. Test Case Points (TCP) – Test Case Point deals with the estimation of the effort needed for t...

If I ran across an incomplete requirement during my requirements review, I would1) inform the Business Analyst (person in the organization responsible for preparing requirements) and set up a time to ...

When requirements are incomplete or unclear, it is a tester's responsiblility to address this issue with business analyst, project manager, developers, or other stakeholders responsible for making changes and ensure that the gap is filled before test execution begins. 

Test execution without test cases is called 'Exploratory Testing' and 'Ad-hoc Testing'.  'Exploratory Testing' is described as a simultaneous learning, test design, and te...

Yes, We can. This kind of testing is called ADHOC Testing. But there is no assurance in Full Test Coverage.

Effort variance (EV) calculates variance of actual effort versus planned effort.  The formula for effort variance is:Effort variance = [(Actual effort - Planned Effort)/Planned effort] * 100The e...

This metric gives the variation of actual effort vs. the estimated effort. This is calculated for each project Stage wise Formula EV = [(Actual person hours – Estimated person hours) / Est...

Types of Review:

there are five which are as follows.

1.Self study review
2. Context review
3. Historical review
4. Theoretical review
5. Integrate review

Types of review
Formal and Informal.
They may be Technical or Managerial
Technical review may be Inspection and Walk-through

The term "defect migration" represents the concept that errors introduced in early phases of projects are perpetuated in later phases of projects and as these errors migrate to later phases,...

a) Reviews are the best way to uncover defects early in SDLC, though it is costly.  Project Manager failing to justify the review that needs to be scheduled allows the defects to get migrated.b...

Avoiding redundancy in testing...some of the similar kinds of tests can be combined into one test scenario and handled.

Best ways to test during time crunch:

- Adhoc testing. FSD, BRD etc are available so life is easier.
- Scenario-based testing. Pick positive, common and negative scenarios and test UI, component functionality, etc while QA proceeds through a scenario.

Quality Assurance is an activity that evaluates the procedures in setting up a process. For example, quality assurance activities in a Customer Service environment would be:Defining policies and proce...

Quality assuarance refers to systematic techniques applied to satisfy the requirements of the  product.

Some key metrics for software testing:DEFECT METRICS1) Test progress tracking metrics: Track the the cumulative test cases or test points that are planned, attempted, and successful over the test exec...

Metrics which we'll use in Testing are
1. Shedule Variance
2. Effort Variance
3. Defect Density
4. Productivity

Since the medium was not specified, I am assuming this is an account transaction in an ATM.user interface   + screens have proper format and text   + buttons correspond to proper i...

Test cases for account transaction through net1.Check whether the user name and password are correct 2.Check whether the user name and password are correct it moves to your personal account by pressin...

1. Dynamic testing involves the execution of the code where as static testing involves manual examination of documents, code etc.2. Dynamic testing finds fewer bugs than static testing.3. Static testi...

static testing-unconventional testing
 dynamic testing-conventional testing

Once the Project is Kicked-Off.In Testing Phase, Test Manager & Test Lead prepared the Test Plan according to the Project Risks. In Test Plan clearly mentioned, "What to do?, Whn to do? &...

Sheduling is done by estimation the effort rquired for the below activities.
1. Requirement Analysis
2. Test Strategy/Plan preparation
3. Environmental setup
4. Test Design
5. Test Execution
6. Result Analysis And  Sign off

Quality assurence gives "quality of the processes" to produce a quality product. It is oriented towards prevention.

It says that "What should we do, that bug never happen?"

Quality of Process

A baseline document is a formal document that has undergone a review and approval process and serves as the accepted standard.  Once a document is baselined, it cannot be changed until revisions are formally reviewed and approved. 

A  starting point or condition againest which future changes are measured. A baseline normally represents a milestone or key deliverable of a project. Documents are baselined after every release.

In execution phae we execute the test cases and report the defects through bug tracking tool. And we'll make sure that all the defects are fixed by retesting the fixes given by dev team. At the end of the execution phase we'll give the sign off.

After doing execution what ever you find the bugs, you need to raise and you need to resolve those bugs through bug tool.

If anything wrong please correct me.

I respectfully disagree with anyone who states this situation "doesn't effect test strategy."  In fact, it would cause me to revise our test strategy.  The only way these circu...

I worked with a product testing team where every member of the team are responsible for 1 or 2 products, I as assigned one product, in that product testing client requested changes in which few are in...

The purpose of a test effort is to discover and report defects and is therefore a quality control activity.  In contrast, an effort to prevent defects is a quality assurance activity.

As my friend said, Suppose examination is conducting in a class room Students are writing the exam, then invigilator role is just observing the students whether they are following the rules and regula...

1 test for statement coverage,
2 for branch coverage

Tapan Dubey

Statement Coverage:                            Percentage of stat...

Walk throughs and Reviews will uncover the defects at the early stages of testing. Thus reducing the project cost.

Walkthrough is informal meeting, it is specially ment for cheking the code and Review is reverification of document.

Quality Control is for Process quality &

Quality Assurance is for Product quality.

Quality Assurance is defect prevention method and where as Quality Control is defect detection and correction method.

CAST (Computer Aided Software Testing) Tools are designed to assist the Testing process. They are used in various stages of SDLC. CAST Tools support Test Management To 1. Manage the testing proc...

1) Keen observation skills
2) Excellent communication skills (both written and verbal)
3) Ability to apply knowledge and experience to novel situations

1) Attitude to learn new things.
2) View.
3) Good written and verbal communication.

Functional Point Analysis and Test Case Point Analysis are used to give the estimation.

There are different approaches but below mentioned two are widely used.1. Unit Complexity2. Function Point AnalysisUnit Complexity: The requirements are granularized into use cases and then each use c...

Cyclomatic complexity is software metric that provides a quantitative measure of the logical complexity of a program. Cyclomatic complexity has a foundation in graph theory and provides us with ex...

Basically its a white box testing technique for generating test cases. The cyclometric complexity indicates the level of the logical complexity of the program. It indicates the number of independent p...

While accepting the build, if a bug is found then I can say this type of testing is called as User Acceptance testing(UAT), but what if the user acceptance testing (beta) is over and ofter 1 or 2 mont...

If the bug was found by a Tester at Client Place means, the above is said to be as User Acceptance testing(UAT).

If the bug was found by the Client means it is called Defect.

Suspension can be from either side --> testing team or developing team.1. A failure in application/system that has occurred, without fixing it, further testing cannot be done (like a server crash due ...

Testing can be suspended if any of the following condition occur.1. Critical failures of the software preventing testing from continuing until the fault(s) are fixed.2. An unacceptable level of Priori...

Cyclo metric complexity (Number) is software metric that provides quantitative measure of the logical complexity of a program. Cyclomatic complexity has a foundation in graph theory and provides u...

Cyclomatic complexity is probably the most widely used complexity metric in software engineering.How to calculate cyclomatic complexity?CC = Number of decisions + 1Thus, cyclomatic complexity equals t...

1. Checks that all the functionality is covered according to SRS or CR Document.2. Checks that the Test case is not repeated.3. Checks that the Test Data is defined correct4. Checks that the versions ...

While reviewing, one should check the following in the test cases written:

1. functionality should be covered as in specification document.

2. Change request document has been considered along with specification document.

3. The standards like business standard, IEEE standards , etc have been met.

HI

 Fixing is altimately responcible of dev team only, as a tester we need to follow up...

Closing is responcible of tester..


CNU

When developers fix an issue, the tester will test the functionality to ensure it is fixed.  If the issue is fixed, the tester will place the bug report in 'Closed' status and offer a bri...

You should start tracking the actual time for testing preparation (analysis, test cases, checklists, documentation review, etc) and the actual time for test execution. Once you have a baseline derived...

We'll use Function Point Analysis, Test Case point Analysis to generate Test Estimates.

Let's say there are two testers are working in a team.ABthen Peer Review is B reviewing A's deliverables(Test Plan, Test Cases., etc.) and B's deliverables are not reviewed by anyone or B ...

HI

ss both are same.....


CNU

1. Check wether all the functionalities are covered correctly in the test cases.
2. Check wether possible negative test cases are covered are not.
3. Check wether all the possible test conditions are covered.... etc

Very important is to check weather all the testcases are covered as per SRS.

HI

  We can go for smoke testing to test whether the build is in a acceptable mode or not, and if i found any of the issues then will sent to dev team..

 If received the build again with fixes, then we will do the sanity testing..


CNU

We conduct Smoke Testing first.

Design documents plays a vital role in testing.
1. For better under standing the requirements
2. To write high level scenarios
3. To write test cases... etc

Defect prevention is one of the important activities of Software development process.DP is used to identify the possible causes of defects and actions need to be taken to eliminate the causes.DP ...

Defect Prevention is mainly for make a product as defect free. Which required follow certain rule, regulation and policy (as per CMM ), which fall under QA activities so that it help to improve process and finaly product.
Root cause analysis is the best way for defect preventation.

Hi  Walk Through:  It's a informal meeting to verify the process, ie verifying the docs like plans, deliverables, etc Inspection:Inspection is a formal meeting to verify the process...

To the point and short explanation: Peer Review: -First review -Informal review -Buddy checks -No pre review preparations -Team includes: 1 programmer + reviewer (1-2 programmers OR tester) ...

Structural testing is another name for white box testing, and control flow graphs (CFGs) provide a graphic view of the code in order to capture the various ways in which a program can execute.&nb...

Structural test techniques are those that use the implementation or structure of the built software to derive test cases. Examples of structural test techniques are statement testing, branch testing, linear code sequence and jump (LCSAJ) testing.

Debugging is the methodical process of exercising and examining the behavior of predetermined portions of a computer program's sourcecode in order to isolate and repair defects.  This&nb...

Testing : is done by testers, and they will test the application with an intention of breaking it Debugging : is done by Developers, in order to make sure that the code they had written was same as it...

Conventional Testing is a sort of testing in which the test engineers will check the developed application or it's related parts are working according to the requirements or not from the coding Phase ...

conventional testing begins in Testing phase but where as unconventional testing begins from Initial phase

It depends on the integration testing you are referring to.  Nevertheless, white box testing is the most obvious answer.  Therefore, I select:

2. White Box

No doubt..   White box testing only

CNU

The maintenance phase is considered to be the blackout phase.  Maintenance is the last stage of the software development life cycle. After the product has been released, the maintenance phase kee...

Maintenance phase for a project and UAT for a product can be called as Blackout or Quite Phase in SDLC.

Dynamic testing refers to the testing of the dynamic behavior of code.  It examines the system's response to variables that are not constant and change with time.  In order to perfo...

Dynamic testing includes both functional and non-functional testing (Load/Stress/Performance testing). Dynamic testing include unit, Integration, system and acceptance testing.

HI

The activities done under Verification are comes under Static testing...

-> Inspections
-> Audits
-> Walk througs
-> Reviews

CNU

Requirements, Designs, Code, Test Plan

Hi

We will delivered below docs.

-> Test  Plan
-> Test Cases
-> Test Results
-> Test Reports
-> Aproved SRS Doc

CNU

The standard deliverables after completing testing:

Test Trace-ability Matrix, Test Plan, Testing Strategy, Test Cases, Test Scenarios, Test Scripts, Test Data, Test Results, Test Summary Report, Release Notes, Tested Build.

Both are same. It is an informal review. One on one with peers, no agenda or preparation time. The reviews may not be planned, or metrics may not be captured to measure review effectiveness. They are typically used to confirm understanding, test ideas, brainstorm, etc.

Peer review is a formal review process having Manager,Moderator,Reader,Recorder whereas One to one is informal type

Maintanence Phase is called Blackout phase in SDLC.

End-to-end testing exercises the system from a 'macro' perspective.  It involves testing the application environment in conditions that mimic real-world use such as in...

End to End Testing is a type of Testing which is Scenario based Testing. The Scenarios should cover all the functionalities from Start to End. ex) Login to the Process end (Logout).

Main columns for a test case are (varies between industry, company and/or project):1) Test case id2) Priority3) Severity4) Requirement id5) Tester name6) Created date7) Last updated8) Reviewed date9) ...

For the test case following are the important columns.The following will be the header part for the test case document.   - Screen/Function name   - Screen/Function ID   ...

In my company, a Test Closure Document contains a checklist of all of the items that must be met in order to close a test project as well as a list of activities that must be performed after the ...

Sign Off Report. In which we'll attach Test Cases, Issue Report etc.

A test team can utilize a variety of documents depending on industry, company and/or project.  In general, the following documents can be used to faciliate functional testing:1) Systems...

For Shruthi:  BRD- Bussiness Requirement Documnet                     FRS- Functional Requireme...

Static testing is a form of software testing that takes place before the software is compiled and run.  In dynamic testing the software must be compiled and run.  Static testing ge...

Static Testing is a form of software testing where the software isn't actually used. Syntax checking and manually reading the code to find errors are methods of static testing. This type of testin...

Static testing means testing the things with our excecuting the software.Testing the things by excecuting hte software is dynamic testing.Static testing includes reviewing/verifying of any kind of doc...

Static Testing is perform by developers on Code (Reviews, Inspection, Walkthrough) before delivered it to the Test team for functional Testing.

Yes, Test Condition, Test Cases, Test Scripts can help perform Static Testing.

Yes We can do static testing since it is only verification testing

Yes.Because it is just verification, a type of review.

You determine what is to be tested by studying and understanding the software's business requirements and its specifications.  If you have work-flow diagrams and/or wireframes, then use these as well.  These documents define what is to be tested. 

We use SRS and BRS to decide what to be tested.

Hi,Code Walkthrough: A formal testing technique where source code is traced by a group with a small set of test cases, while the state of program variables is manually monitored, to analyze the progra...

Hi,

TDLC - Test Development Life Cycle.

Rapid Software Testing (RST) is a common-sense approach to testing software that focuses on understanding a skilled practioner's mindset rather than simply knowing testing terminology and techniqu...

Rapid testing model is used in Rapid Application Development (RAD) Model. Where iterative approach for development is used. Product requirements are changing from subset to a superset.So the test appr...

Pair testing is an approach that involves two persons responsible for testing the same functionality.  These two persons can be 1) two testers, 2) a tester and developer, or 3) a tester and ...

Hi,Pair testing is a way of approaching a test design process by having two people test the same thing at the same time and place, continuously exchanging ideas. Even without any special method or pro...

Change Control Board (or Configuration Control Board), a committee that makes decisions regarding whether or not proposed changes to a software project should be implemented

CCB ~ Change Control Board. The main aim of this board is to maintain and keep a track of all the information about the builds/docs/versions/source code. Any changes/modifications which you w...

In Teradata, only one.

there is only one null values accepted by a column if you assign a column as unique key constraint.

thanking you
pritesh

testing is done inorder to provide quality to the product to satisfy customer requirements

Testing is done to ensure that the s/w develooped is defect free & as per the requirements specified by te customer. QC is defined as the processes & methods used to compare product quali...

Hi,Version Control: Revision control (also known as version control, source control is the management of multiple revisions of the same unit of information. VSS is version control tool provided by mic...

Add Test Data to the First answer along with clearly mentioned steps, Screen shot, Page Url.

As per your question it seems that the defect is not reproducing at every time at testing environment itself. so in such a situation you have to do research on the application. i.e. two to three tea...

(x/x) operation
where x = Positive odd integer
uses the formula ((x*x)+1) instead of integer division.
The (x/x) operation works fine for even numbers.

The output will be always one when a number is divided by itself.
It is giving correct output when the no is even i.e when the no is divisible by 2.
But when the no is odd it is squaring the no and increasing it by 1.Ex--3*3+1=10

There is a subtle but significant difference between the terms "check" and "verify".CHECK:  An critical observation... To examine something in order to determine something.&nb...

Vijjijjub's - For checking you have described about the verification. Here you are verifing the code is written as per the requirement, it may be stanard, check list or template.Where as in verificat...

A measurement is the act of comparing something to a standard in order to ascertain a particular characteristic about that thing.  A metric is the degree to which something possesses a particular...

The simplified answer is…… Metric is two dimensional (Ex: Distance covered per hour)
Measurement is a single dimension (Ex: Distance covered)

Suresh

Configuration Management or CM is the management and control of the technical resources required to construct a software artifact. We require CM for 1. To ensure Integrity of requirements 2. We ...

the configuration management comes in the maintenance phase of the life cycle. once the s/w is released 2 the customer and client stats using it,the ma...

Front-end testing:  This is the customer-facing part of the system under test.  Here we test an application's GUI and functionality.  Back-end testing:  This is the part o...

FrontEnd Testing is something where in you test the GUI/functionality.GUI will take care of sending requests to the server and getting response from the same .Here we don' have accesss t...

A test strategy describes the general approach to testing in terms of people, tools, procedures and support.  It is used to gain feedback from key stakeholders as early as possible in t...

hai rajkumar........

im not agreeing with u r answer based on test strategy only we will prepare test plan....

Hello,

Deliverables are;

1. Test Plan,
2. Test Case,
3. Test Case review doc,
4. Test Execution Report,
5. Defect Log Report,
6. Status Report (Weekly/Mly)

Ur's
Ram~

Hi,The Deliverables from the Test team would include the following: 1.      Test Strategy.2.      Test Plan.3.      Test...

I agree Brijesh & Sunitha,After lot of search on Golden bug didn't get anything fruitful .Even I think Golden bug would be a show stopper bug ..a critical & high priority bug

HI All, Even i have done so much of R&D on Golden Bug i didnt get any useful info. But i agree with jainbrijesh about his statement. we can say golden bug as most critical and show stopper defect which prevent the application to run without solving this defect.


Txs

Sunitha

Client Server testing is a three tier architecture and when testing has to be done on this we need to consider all types of testing like the stress testing , data - volume testing, load testing and pe...

hai! in web based applications , we can't do performance testing.we can do only functionality testing.In client-server based applications, we can do performance testing.regards

I agree, they are 2 different things. bug/defect leak is when something is caught by UAT testers or end users or client.

bug leak also called as bug slip,
after testing and releasing the application the end user raised the issue then it is called bug slip.this is given the p1.
more bug slip occur when we perform ad-hoc testing.

Regards
Naresh
vallabhareddy@gmail.com

 Cyclomatic Complexity is number of decision statement plus one.Given any computer program, draw its control flow graph, G, where each node corresponds to ablock of sequential code and each edge ...

Hi,A measure of the logical complexity of an algorithm, used in white-box testing.Cyclomatic complexity, V (G), for a flow graph G is equal to The number of regions in the flow graph. V (G) = E - N + ...

May I suggest wikipedia. Invest your time wisely by reading Wikipedia for these kinds of general questions or search this site.

A sample testing cycle Although variations exist between organizations, there is a typical cycle for testing: Requirements Analysis: Testing should begin in the requirements phase of the softw...

Agile is a software developent methodology. In agile we deliver a project interms of small releases. The principles behind Agile are.1. Priority is to satisfy the customer through early and continuou...

Testing practice for projects using agile methodologies, treating development as the customer of testing and emphasizing a test-first design paradigm.

Hi,

mass test is testing of same type of functions with same criteria. for example Add and delete and save operation will test all test case common to all forms.

Regards

Prasad

test case id - unique number or name for future reference.

Test Case identifier is an unique identifier for the test case  so as to refer to particular test case in particular Module

It is type of Informal review - One on one with peers, no agenda or preparation time. Informal reviews do not have the rigor of a formal review. The reviews may not be planned, or metrics may not be c...

Reviews which are conducted by co-employees are called peer reviews.
But i dont know what is peer to peer review.

Dear praras,

Here system means the application or the software or hardware?
plz let me know

ksatya

Testing a system by injecting faults and see how the system performs under faulty conditions.

Test Data Generation Tools generates the data for testing.  E.g. If you want to test the reports for the application is working properly, one can use the test data generation tool and generate the data and test the reports.
This will save the time.

You can search for Test Data Generation Tools.

Test Data Generation tools:

Enable selection of data from existing files or databases.

Allow the manipulation of the data for testing requirements.

Can deal with data from different sources.

Ex: File-Aid Suite of products from Compuware.

No single answer covers all cases.  Nevertheless, here are some guidelines: 1) All testing estimations are company and project specific. 2) When developers, partners, testers give you a...

There are different analysis for test estimation like Function Test Point (FTP) analysis, Test Case point (TCP) analysis... etc Test Case Points (TCP) – Test Case Point deals with the estimation of...

When we find a defect, we log the defect in Defect tracking Tool. The status of the defect will be "new".

Hi,

   When we find the defect we reproduce it and then we send to the T lead or test manager.That time the status of the bug is New. TL will report to the Developer. When they working on the bug the status is Open.

Configuration management: is to validate wheather the applications built are supporting diff technology hardware devices or not
ex"diff tech printers
diff tech networks
diff tech networks ..etc

hai...

Confiruration management covers the processes used to control,co-ordinate and track:code,requirements,documentation,problems,change requests,designs,tools/compilers/libraries/patches,changes made to them & who makes the changes.

thanks

sudha

It is nothing but Defect Density.
Defect Density: Weighted defects per size

No: of Bugs in KLOC(1000 Lines of Code)

Spiral model is to find more number of defects  in the Software. this type of model is suitable to develop complex application. The development process is repeated in each deteration till the final product is released.

Srinivas racha

Hi,

HI

Golden Bug: A bug which occured in all instances of application of high severity and high priority.

Ex: If an app having 3 pages, in each and every page doesnt have submit buttons then this can be considered as GOLDEN BUG.

Srinivas

The bug finds in  build before release build to customer rmeans complete all types of testing , comes release time that time  to find bug that bug is golden bug, we go for final regression testing on high defect density module

Hi,

Different Testing Methodologies are

1. Boundary Value Analysis

2. Equivalance Class Partitioning

3. Cause and Effect Graphing

4. Decision Tables...etc

Regards

Prasad(G.D.S.Prasad@gmail.com)

Hi,Test Methodology is a refinement of test strategyin this we- first we aquire Test Strategy- determine the application type - determine project typei.e like traditional project,maintenance,iter...

Dynamic testing refers to any testing that examines the dynamic behavior of a software program.  It is performed after the software is compiled and run.  By supplying input data, a test...

Hi,

Dynamic Testing It is a type of conventional testing. Testing performed on an application when it has been executed.

     Ex: Functional Testing.

Regards

Prasad

vertical traceability of the requirements describes the interdependencies among the system requirements.Horizontal traceability addresses the relationship of the components across collections of workproducts

  Vertical Treceability: The relationship among the parts of a single workproduct (discipline),e.g. requirements.   Horizontal Treceability: The relationship of the collection...

Different Roles in Inspection: Moderator: Assist in identifying reviewers Coordinate & control review Ensure proper review closure Author: Provide work item in advance Provide overview if re...

Inspection is nothing but auditing here they will observe wheather testing team &development teams are following srs principles or not?wheather they meet weekly schedules?  

Deliverables can be anything and it purely depends upon your project. If you get a project for writing test cases, the test cases are the deliverables. And you need to submit to the Mother company / Client / customer.

It is not a must every time it should be final result of the SDLC or STLC.

Deliverable are the documents that we are going to submit after the development of the document Different Test deliverable are: Test Plan doc Test Cases doc Review report Traceability Matrix ...

Estimating the number of blackbox test cases:# blackbox test cases = [usecases x steps x rules]+[GUI‘s x objects x states]+[tables x tuples x instances]Metrics for measuring test case ...

1) When the number of test cases are covered and how many passed and failed.
2) Bug flow rate is low or zero.
3) When more time is taken and its beyond the dead line.
4) More budget is consuming than what is planned.

HIRequirement analysis is a process of reviewing and understanding the clients expectations from the application. It consists of below stages=> Need to fix boundaries for the Reqs:   Firs...

By reviewing the Requirement Documents and attending team meetings we do analyize the requirements. 

Hi

  As a tester we need to analize the severity, it's a level of impact on the application as how bad the bug is.

In other hand, priority is analysed by test lead or dev lead, it's a level of schedule..

CNU

Its depends on the bug found.The Severity Level is fixed by the Tester and the Priority Level to fix the bug is fixed byt the Developer.How to Analyze? It is simple that how harm the bug is.. what the...

Hi,

This is done by using Requirement Treceability Matrix.

Regards

Prasad

To measure we use traceability matrix. whether all the 100% requirement are covered can be mapped through Traceability matrix.

Mapping  the requirement id from the srs with the testcase in traceablity matrix we can evaluate whether 100% testcase are covered or not.

Quality : is confirmation to requirements ,Degree of Excellence ,Measuring as per Specifications.Quality Control: Measures to create a quality Product.Quality Assurance: Measures the process used to c...

Quality Assurance Vs Quality Control---------------------------- ...

Teating prosses depends on software company but still has a guideline. When produce meets with it requirement, exit
criteria, also sometime over budget, time is over but test is not finish.

We can arrive at the decision of Testing is over based on the following criteria:

* Level of Confidence on the functioning is greater than the Customers Confidence.

* Known Bad (i.e.Tests Failed) + Unknown (i.e.Tests not run) is less than Known Good (i.e.Tests Passed)

If i find a defect at the time of software release I will first escelate the defect to the Higher level Management and based on their decession i will raise the bug and High level management will ment...

We should give a conditional sign off.

What you cannot measure, you cannot manage --- DRUCKUR

The metrcics involved involved in Testing process are
Shedule Variance, Effort Variance, Defect Density, Productivity.

hi

LoC-Lines of code should have minimum number of defect  (Manual)

Funtional Points  : 10 fp - 1 defect(Automation)

250 loc -1 defect

or

10 fp- 1 defect  ISO standard

Defects we use in testing are

1. Effor variance
2. Shedule variance
3. Productivity
4. Defect density... etc

 Metrics is a measurement of testing process .

 Itgive deatails of total number of bugs .

 Total number of bugs fixed

Number of bugs per week and

Number of fixed bugs per week

It is a Semiformal review - Author walks the participants through work product, defects are pointed out by participants, solutions may be discussed for defects found. This could be a one person review also. Semiformal / Informal reviews shall be considered for agile based projects.

A walk through is an informal meeting for evaluation or informational purpose.Awalk through is also a process at an abstract level. its the process of inspecting software code by following paths throu...

By comparing Exepcted value of the test step with the acutal value in the application.

Hi friends,the question is not about the test cases and it is about the test step.We cant assure that the test steps would pass if a particular test case pass.In certain cases the Test step may and th...

Hi,

Validation is nothing but actual testing. It is done using functional requirements.

Regards

Prasad

the project or product is validated depend on the functionality of them

it comes under white box testing

Hi,

Unit Testing is white box testing type.And it is done by the developer only.

Regards

Prasad(G.D.S.Prasad@gmail.com)

Unit Testing comes under White Box Technique. Developers do the unit testing

unit testing comes under white box testing

Quality in Testing-
The application functions as per the Customer's requirement.
It follows the standards provided.
The application should be defect free.
It is easy to use to the End user.

Quality product means the product is reasonably bug free, delivered on time and within budget, meets customer requirments and is maintainable.

Test Strategy - defines the approach to be followed for testing a software.It contains,1.Scope and Objective2.Business Issues3.Responsibility Matrix4.Roles and Responsibilities5.Communication and Stat...

Hi,

Test strategy describes how we are going to approach the testing interms of people, tools, procedures, and support.

Regards

Prasad(G.D.S.Prasad@gmail.com)

Hi,A test methodology talk about using which methods and techniques the test case verifies their objectives. The tests that you will execute, how they are going to verify their objective becomes the b...

Hi,A test methodology talk about using which methods and techniques the test case verifies their objectives. The tests that you will execute, how they are going to verify their objective becomes the b...

Business Analyst prepares the Business Requirements Document.Once we receive requirements document, we review it, attend review meetings,Prepare review reports and sent them to author of the document,...

Hi,

BRD is prepared by Bussiness Analyst.

When we have BRD, as test engg

1. Review the BRD 2. If any Doubt(Regarding functionality) get clarification from BA. 3. Prepare Review report. 4. And start writing Test cases..

Regards

Prasad

Hi,

Monkey Testing: It is the random testing performed by the automation testing tools.

Gorilla Testing: Testing one particular module, functionality heavily.

Regards

Prasad

Monkey testing:  When you follow a method for which you have no preparation ( like testcases) and conduct testing by following steps (which are almost un-repeatable) then you call it a monkey tes...

It is a process in which they mainly perform 2 tasks.Change controlVersion controlChange control: It is a process of updating the selected documents whenever some changes made to the application inor...

Configuration management is a critical process responsible for identifying, controlling, and tracking all versions of hardware, software, documentation, processes, procedures, and all other inanimate ...

Regression testing involves re-using manual tests or automated scripts to ensure that suspected vulnerable functionalities are tested on a periodic basis (typically each and every build).  There ...

Hi,

Regression testing: Testing of an application to ensure bug fixes and change requests (enhancements) made to it doesnt cause any unwanted flaws in the application. Automated testing tools can be especially useful for this type of testing.

Regards

Prasad

Hi,The first comment (Lisa's) is the correct one.Bucket testing, otherwise known as A/B testing, is a methodology for gauging the impact of different product designs on a Web site’s metrics. The aim i...

bucket testing is nothing but the load or stress testing we used load runner for it plz correct me if i m wrong

Quality Assurance (QA) attempts to improve and stabilize processes in order to minimize the issues that produce defects. QA processes also strive to assure that a product, service, or system meets its...

QC (Quality Controller) involves in the testing of the Application. Quality control ensures that equipment is working properly, the operator is performing appropriately.Qc is product oriented. QA (Qua...

Hi,

If the developer is not ready to fix the bug, first try to reproduce the bug.Take the screen shots of the bug.Explain him clearly. Even then he is bot ready to fix, then discuss the issue with your test lead.

Regards

Prasad

Well...the best approach would be to try to find out the simple steps to reproduce the issue in an innocent (general working) environment so that user's can't accept it. It may take tim...

Equivalance Class Partition is a Black box testing technique, in which the input data is divided into classes such that, the software functionality remains same for any value of same class. A class is...

Hi,This method divides the input domain of a program into classes of data from which test cases can be derived. Equivalence partitioning strives to define a test case that uncovers classes of errors a...

Metrics used in Testing process are
1. Effort Variance
2. Shedule variance
3. Productivity...etc

Metrics in testing is used as a basis of performing an assessment of the effectiveness of testing process. A testing metric is a number that shows a relationship between two testing variables.

Configuration Item(CI) can be anything which need changes or where change can be applied and it needs change management to be used effectivily.

It can be anything related to project organizational doc. proj docs, s/w, HW etc.
CI are those items which need to be managed by it's configuration.



Amar

Configuratuion Items are the work products of the project to be placed under the Configuration Management.
Ex: All the Docs( SRS, Designs...etc),Operational/User Manuals, Software, Tools, Source Code... etc

Maintenance Phase is normally called as Blackout/ Quite Phase in SDLC

Maintanence phase

Hi,

Acid Test: Which examines a browser's support for W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) recommendations including CSS1 (Cascading Style Sheets), HTML4 and PNG (Portable Network Graphics).

Regards

Prasad

ACID testing is related to testing a transaction.

A-Atomicity

C-Consistent

I-Isolation

D-Durable

Cost of Quality = Prevention cost + Appraisal cost + Failure cost.
Prevention Cost = Process related training, DP effortsAppraisal Cost = Reviews/inspection effort, testing, audits, etcFailure Cost = Rework costs (fixing review, Testing defects & Customer reported defects

There are three parameters to measure the quality of cost.

*prevention cost

*appraisal cost

*failure cost

Alpha Testing: Testing the software product /system conducted at developer's site by the end user usually done when development is nearing to end.Beta Testing:Testing the software product /system cond...

Alpha test is conducted at client  sideand in presence of developer

Test Specification
Test Report
Defect Report
Review report
Release notes

Test Plan doc

Hi,

Project Testing is compleated when,

1. UAT is compleated with formal verification of requirements againest the application, by Client/Customer.

2.In maintanence phase also we do testing if any CR from client is implemented in the project.

Regards

Prasad

There are so many factors to know this answer.. some main factors are.....

1) Dead line of your Project reaches

2) Your Estimated Budget over.

3) Acives Customer's Requirement with certain percentage of test case passed.

etc......

Regards

Biswajit Pani ( 09986183456)

Panibiswajit@yahoo.com

Traceability Matrix - In simple words mapping requirements with Test cases As documents are interdependent the data present in the child document (Test case document must be based on Parent docum...

Hi,Traceability Matrix: A document showing the relationship between Test Requirements and Test Cases.It demonstrates the relationship between design inputs and design outputsIt ensures that design is ...

Requirements Coverage 

Hi,Requirement coverage is nothing but Requirement Treceability Matrix.A document showing the relationship between Test Requirements and Test Cases.Purpose:We can check that all functionality mentione...

This is infact the question asked in most of the RCA by the qlty team,To answer your question I feel, the estimation should consider these.1. No of acceptances scenarios in User stories.2. Complexity ...

Estimation can be done in many ways. Most common methods are: Effort based or scenario based estimation. Effort based: Let's say: development effort  * (factor). This factor is drived from to the...

Hi,Difference Between Stub& Driver1. Stub is a piece of code emulating a called function, a driver is a piece of code emulating  a calling function.2. Stubs are created integration testi...

STUB: A DUMMYT S/W COMPONENT WHICH IS USED SIMULATE THE BEHAVIOUR OF THE ORIGINAL S/W COMPONENT IT'S USED OLNY FOR THE OUT PUT

DRIVER: A S/W COMPONENT USED TO INVOKE THE TEST AND OFTEN PROVIDE TEST TO INPUT,O/P,ANALASISS

Test metrics are quantitative measurement of testing process. Most common test metrics used in different organizations are:
1. Effort Variance
2. Shedule Variance
3. Productivity... etc

Test Metrics is a mechanism to know the effectiveness of the testing that can be measured quantitatively. Metrics are produced in two forms – Base Metrics and Derived Metrics. Example of Base Met...

Contents of defect are Defect ID, Summary, Description (environments, steps to reproduce, Expected values, Actual outcome), Status, Severity, Priority, Reproducible (y/n), Detected b...

1. Defect ID
2.Defect Description
3.Name of the Test case (which is faled)
4.Expected Result
5.Actual Result
6.Pre-Conditions
7.Steps to Re-Produce
8.Attach Screen shot

Hi,Equivalence PartitioningThis method divides the input domain of a program into classes of data from which test cases can be derived. Equivalence partitioning strives to define a test case that unco...

Equivalnce portioning is the one of the technique of Block Box Testing. It designed to minimize the test cases.

Used Case: Are Scenerio Based Test cases,Cases based on Imagining the scenerio,what may be expected out of the product.usually no clear cut specification is there.
Test cases: r Prepared tottaly on the basis of SRS No

Use case is the scenario from where we design test scenarios.we can also describe them  as alternative form of functional specifications.Generally these r prepared when the functional specficatio...

Hi,

Error feeding: The process of intentionally adding known faults to those already in the aplication  for the purpose of monitoring the rate of detection and removal, and estimating the number of faults remaining in the program.

Regards

Prasad

Error Feeding means we have to feed some error input during testing same as negative testing.so if we will feed that invalid input to the application then the application should not accept that input ...

Once the application is installed into a environment as a whole is called as system testing in this stage the black box test engineer will perform many types of testing they are 1 . System integrati...

System Testing:In system testing we test the system works well in the real environment with the real data. Since the servers and data are different it may not work as expected.Integration testing:In i...

Hi,In my current Projectexample for High Sev and Low Priority Bug--In "Apply for personal Loans" PageThere is a validation that states: Any customer can apply for Prsonal Loan once in 2 yrs only. But ...

Suppose in a web page the name of that company is there but there is some spelling mistake say inplace of A it is E

this is one example of bug with High prioroty and low Sevirity

Regards

Biswajit Pani ( 09986183456)

Panibiswajit@yahoo.com

Hi,Bottom – Up Approach: The subsystems in the lower level of call hierarchy are tested individually. Then the next level subsystems are tested that call previously tested subsystems. This is done rep...

Top Down and Bottom Up Both are coming under Intigration TestingThere are 2 types of Intigration Testinga) Incremental Intigration Testingb) Non Incremental Intigration TestingBut Incremental testing ...

Hi,

Fuzz Testing:

Fuzz testing is a software testing technique. The basic idea is to attach the inputs of a program to a source of random data ("fuzz"). If the program fails (for example, by crashing, or by failing built-in code assertions), then there are defects to correct.

Regards

Prasad

Fuzz testing a simple technique for feeding random input to applications. While random testing is a time-honored technique, our approach has three characteristics that, when taken together, makes it s...

The Test Methodologies are refinement of Test Strategy.

Black box testing
White box testing
Grey Box testing
Red box testing

these are the Testing TECHNIQUES & not Methodologies.

As per my knowledge, the testing methodologies are Black Box, White Box and Gray box.

BVA, Equilance Partition, Error guessing, etc., those are test case techniques not methodologies.

Please let me know, if I am wrong.

Thanks,
Srinivas

If we realize that we are not able to test everything.  We can test the test cases based on.

i) Severity and priority
ii) Efficiency and effectiveness
iii) Covering most of functionality

Test the high risk areas throughly.

Software Testing Life Cycle :

System Study

Scope/Approach/Estimation

Test Plan Design

Test Case Design

Test Case Execution

Defect Handling

Gap Analysis

Deliverables

Hi,

Test life consists of thye following atages...

1. Test Plan

2. Test Design

3. Test execution

4. Result Analysis

5. Defect Tracking

6. Test Report Preparation

Regards

Prasad

functional testing is a black box testing because in functional testing we test without looking inti its internal behavior or without looking into the code.In functional testing we are testing whether...

Black box testing does not require knowledge of source code in order to perform tests.  Black box testing can include both functional and non-functional tests.  Functional tests are those th...

Test Bed is an mandatory environment setup for the application to be tested.

Hi
Test bed is the blocks which is used to make the test environment for the execution of the test.
It includes H/W, S/W,configuration of the product under test , operating system or any other additional things that may establish to environment for the test execution.

To estimate the testing effort for complete project following points need to be analyzed:1) Number of Functional requirements to be tested.2) Complexity of the Testing Task3) Number of resources avail...

We follow TCP analysis to calculate the testing effort required for a change request. Some organizations follow FTP Analysis. Test Case Points (TCP) Test Case Point deals with the estimation of the ef...

HIIf we are developing the sofware means definitely there would be some changes, so proper maintanance needed in this situations, so here configuration management plays a vital role..It mainly concent...

Hi,

Configuration management covers the processes used to control, coordinate, and track: code, requirements, documentation, problems, change requests, designs,tools/compilers/libraries/patches, changes made to them, and who makes the changes.

HiScenario: A scenario is nothing but a description of an action/event, one test may contains more than one scenarios.E2E Scenario: Used for defining the requirements for any system implementation pro...

E2E scenarios are nothing but E2E customer experiances of the system.
Ex: 1. Provide broad Band service to the existing customer,
2. Provide broad Band service to the new customer... etc

Standardize

A) Plan-Do-Check-Act

Later, Dr. Deming changed this to Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA).

A) Plan, Do, Check and Act

Satisfy

Meet and/or Exceed

Test the application on  the fly , some time test here and some one is test there, but the appliactio works well, does not crash anything

Testing the application Randomly with out using the test cases is called monkey testing & it is also called Adoc testing.

The answer to this question depends on what is meant by "short time for testing".  How short?  Do you have enough time to learn the requirements, author test cases and prioritize t...

HI

We will give the priority against each test case which writing the test cases, it can be given by doing the risk analysis and also they can be reviewed by TL and approved.

So when ever we have a suffient time then we will execute all test cases, if not we will go for the high priority cases.

CNU

When testing in the Real time environment, we will be getting compatibility related bugs.

Bug is a type of error but in testing language we called as bug. Deviation from expection is called a bug.

It can be of any type
 GUI Bug, funcational bug, non funcatonal bug.

Venu Narayan..couldn't agree with you more! The part until logging the bug and a tutorial on 'how to' is also great except for assigning severity and priority. I disagree on this! BA, QA team, Dev l...

Its simple need to cross check once again with that test case and lock that as an issue, and you have to decide the priority severity and register it in bug tracking tool so your test lead developer and project manager get noticed that.

Schedule of each type of testing is specified in Test plan written by the test leadIn system testing we make sure that the system works well with the real environment with the real data.So before star...

when all the modules are integrated and integration testing is done on 2 or more modules is over then we will go for system testing where will test the whole application, and system testing consists of Perforamance Testing, End to End Testing, Security Testing.

Plz correct me if i am wrong.

 

Usecase is sequence of flows to achieve certain requirement.

use case is noting but user story.
test case is step by step method to validate requirements.

Test case is step by step method to validate requirements for manual testing.

Test script is step by step method to validate requirements for Automation testing.

Test case term is used in manual test.
Test script term is used in automation test.

SQA is Audit of software products and activities to verify that they comply with the product requirements. Processes, Procedures and standards. Project manager prepares the SQA plan at the time of...

Software Testing is a set of activities that constitute processes that are mandatory towards the testing of an application. Steps involved in software testing are Test Requirements; Test planning; Tes...

The basic element in a bug report:

1)bug id number
2)test case steps
3) test case description
4) screen shot of the defect
5)actual result
6)expected result
7) Priority
8)Severity

summery of the bug
priority
severity
description
author of defect(tester)
detected by
detected on
reproducible steps
scree shot
escalating to
expected value
actual value

If we have minimal or no documentation about the product the I will discuss the application scenario with the business analyst or developer or both . Based on the discussion I will prepare a document and will write test cases based on that.

This would be done through exploratory testing.  And ask a lot of questions!

You have tested enough when the company's Exit Criteria have been met.  This typically includes (not an exhaustive list):1) All test cases have been run or are otherwise accounted for2) There...

Its never ending process. Still the testing process can be stopped (1) Based on the Testing dead line and Release dead lines(2) Based on the number of test cases covered with certain percentage passed...

This varies by industry, company and project, but you can generally determine what to test by reviewing 1) requirements, 2) specifications, 3) work-flow diagrams, and 4) wireframes. 

Answer: First of all we have the test cases (or test scripts) that are written based on the requirement document. This pretty much covers what functionalities to test. Therefore, looking at the test cases tells us what to test in the application.
Thanks
Prakash

A set of processes followed to develop a software product is called as Software Development life Cycle.Usually there are two different types of flows to indicate the life cycle.First Flow:(Tradit...

Hi,

The various activities which are undertaken when developing software are commonly modeled as a software development lifecycle.

There are 6 phases in SDLC

1. Initial 2. Analysis 3. Design 4. Coding 5. Testing 6. Delivery & Maintanace

Regards

Prasad

Hi, Responsible for applying the principles and practices of software quality assurance throughout the system lifecycle. Through testing, analysis, and observation, a person in this position not ...

Hi  There two types of testings inrespect of QA and Testing.1. Conventional Testing --> For Test Engineer , starts from after     coding in SDLC2. Unconventional Testing --> ...

Methodologies used to prepare test cases:1) Business logic and functional design (from requirements)2) Work-flow (from work-flow diagrams)3) User interface (from specifications) 4) Equivalence class p...

Error : Mistake done by developer in development environment is called ErrorBug : If that defect is found by a tester in testing environment is called bugDefect : If the same error or bug found by the...

Hi,Responsible for applying the principles and practices of software quality assurance throughout the system lifecycle. Through testing, analysis, and observation, a person in this position not only e...

Critical. (Note that documentation can be electronic, not necessarily paper, may be embedded in code comments, etc.) QA practices should be documented such that they are repeatable. Specifications, de...

Some defect and test metrics are:Effort variance = (actual fffort - planned effort) / planned effort * 100Schedule variance = ((actual calendar days - planned calendar days) + start variance) / planne...

Test Metrics Include:
1. Effort Variance
2. Shedule variance
3. Test Effectiveness
4. Productivity

once the development team handsover the application for testing we test the application whether it is good enough for system testing or not and at this point we even take the go/no go decision de...

Hi,Smoke testing is done after every build , to find out whether all the links and screens are displayed properly without any problem. It is done just to make sure that the build is proper or not...

Priority denotes sequence of the defect in which they are going to Rectified.

Severity describes the seriousness of the defect.

Severity means: How the Bug Effects On the Application

Priority means : How soon Bug needs to fix

It is document that describes the mapping or tracing of the requirements with test cases and some time with the test data to check the test coverage and also to cross verify that we are not missing any of the test cases for that particular requirement.

It is the document that maps User requirement with the test cases to check whether the functionality coverage is achieved or not.

It is difficult to deal with the changes in requirement in this model 

The testing comes as a last phase and if the bug found is in design document so it comes in notice at very late stage of project.

Waterfall as the name implies does software development from start to finish in an organized path. If the design specs are accurate, and there are not many changes to the project from start to finish ...

Instead of creating test cases for each and every requirement, I would create test scenarios that cover multiple features and modules. This way I’m thinking in the feet of an end-user and finding ri...

I would suggest performing Risk Based testing. Identifying the requirements which if not implemented or wrongly implemented could result into a disaster, prioritize such requirements with the help of ...

Inspection is where the testers are made to understand the application and its functionalities . In walk through meeting the documents like business requirement doc, design documents were distribute...

An inspection is more formalised than Walkthroughs,typically it involves 3-8 people including moderator,reader & recorder to take the notes.The subject of inspection is typically a document such a...

When the product works according to the specified requirement without any issue and meets the satisfaction of the client.

Product that work every time ,any time and all time to specifications.

If you are asking this question, it means you have not understood SDLC nor any of the QA concepts for that matter.

Increases Steeply

Quality of the software is what the client pays for. It means it should perform the intended functions without any major flaws.

Quality Software Deliverable means:
1. Delieverable meets User/Customer Requirements.
2. Reasonably Bug-Free Software.
3. Delivered within defined Timeline & Budget.
4. Easily Maintainable. Also, Less Post Release Maintainence Activity, thus reducing Cost.

First of all we need to check the new features which we are going to add how it effects the application, analysis has to be made because of adding a new features, then if the risk is low then we can add the new features in the application, or else we can add in next version of the build.

Answer  is the process followed in yur company

1 .Prjct based : Here they will handled as releases
2. Prdct based : Here if the customr is vital they release a Patch for this customer.

Truncate is faster than delete as it does not generate rollback segment.

TRUNCATE -  Truncate is a ddl command.

DELETE-     Delete is a dml command.

TRUNCATE - We can not use 'where' clause with truncate.

DELETE-      We can use 'where '  clause  with delete .

Metrics that are important to publish on various projects:- Schedule Variance- Effort Variance- Size Variance- Requirement Stability Index- Project Productivity- Coding Productivity- Test Ca...

Test Metrics:
1. Effort Variance
2. Shedule Variance
3. Defect Density
4. Productivity

It is a subquery which is evaluated once for each row processed by parent statement.

Hi Guys,The Oracle Server performs a correlated subquery when the subquery references a column from a table reffered to in the parent statement. A correlated subquery is evaluated once for each row pr...

SELECT ename, sal FROM (select ename,sal,dense_rank() OVER (order by sal desc) dr FROM emp) WHERE dr =n;

select * from employee where 1=(select count(*) from employee as e where employee.sal<e.sal)

VARCHAR2: Max Size=4000 bytesCHAR: Max Size=2000 bytesNUMBER(p,s): The precision p can range from 1 to 38.               &nbs...

The Max Size is upto 32.

Thanks&Regds

Ramki,TCS,Hyd

ON DELETE CASCADE option permits deletions of referenced key values in the parent table and automatically deletes dependent rows in the child table to maintain referential integrity.

its not with the data of the table, rather with the associated constraints of the table