You can understand the features of ADO.NET by comparing them to particular features of ActiveX Data Objects (ADO).
In-memory Representations of Data
In ADO the in-memory representation of data is the recordset. In ADO.NET it is the dataset. There are important differences between them.
Number of Tables
A recordset looks like a single table. If a recordset is to contain data from multiple database tables it must use a JOIN query which assembles the data from the various database tables into a single result table.
In contrast a dataset is a collection of one or more tables. The tables within a dataset are called data tables; specifically they are DataTable objects. If a dataset contains data from multiple database tables it will typically contain multiple DataTable objects. That is each DataTable object typically corresponds to a single database table or view. In this way a dataset can mimic the structure of the underlying database.
A dataset usually also contains relationships. A relationship within a dataset is analogous to a foreign-key relationship in a database that is it associates rows of the tables with each other. For example if a dataset contains a table about investors and another table about each investor's stock purchases it could also contain a relationship connecting each row of the investor table with the corresponding rows of the purchase table.
Because the dataset can hold multiple separate tables and maintain information about relationships between them it can hold much richer data structures than a recordset including self-relating tables and tables with many-to-many relationships.
Data Navigation and Cursors
In ADO you scan sequentially through the rows of the recordset using the ADO MoveNext method. In ADO.NET rows are represented as collections so you can loop through a table as you would through any collection or access particular rows via ordinal or primary key index. DataRelation objects maintain information about master and detail records and provide a method that allows you to get records related to the one you are working with. For example starting from the row of the Investor table for Nate Sun you can navigate to the set of rows of the Purchase table describing his purchases.
A cursor is a database element that controls record navigation the ability to update data and the visibility of changes made to the database by other users. ADO.NET does not have an inherent cursor object but instead includes data classes that provide the functionality of a traditional cursor. For example the functionality of a forward-only read-only cursor is available in the ADO.NET DataReader object. For more information about cursor functionality see Data Access Technologies.
Minimized Open Connections
In ADO.NET you open connections only long enough to perform a database operation such as a Select or Update. You can read rows into a dataset and then work with them without staying connected to the data source. In ADO the recordset can provide disconnected access but ADO is designed primarily for connected access.
There is one significant difference between disconnected processing in ADO and ADO.NET. In ADO you communicate with the database by making calls to an OLE DB provider. In ADO.NET you communicate with the database through a data adapter (an OleDbDataAdapter SqlDataAdapter OdbcDataAdapter or OracleDataAdapter object) which makes calls to an OLE DB provider or the APIs provided by the underlying data source. The important difference is that in ADO.NET the data adapter allows you to control how the changes to the dataset are transmitted to the database by optimizing for performance performing data validation checks or adding any other extra processing.
Note Data adapters data connections data commands and data readers are the components that make up a .NET Framework data provider. Microsoft and third-party providers can make available other .NET Framework data providers that can be integrated into Visual Studio. For information on the different .NET Data providers see .NET Data Providers.
Sharing Data Between Applications
Transmitting an ADO.NET dataset between applications is much easier than transmitting an ADO disconnected recordset. To transmit an ADO disconnected recordset from one component to another you use COM marshalling. To transmit data in ADO.NET you use a dataset which can transmit an XML stream.
The transmission of XML files offers the following advantages over COM marshalling:
Richer data types
COM marshalling provides a limited set of data types those defined by the COM standard. Because the transmission of datasets in ADO.NET is based on an XML format there is no restriction on data types. Thus the components sharing the dataset can use whatever rich set of data types they would ordinarily use.
Performance
Transmitting a large ADO recordset or a large ADO.NET dataset can consume network resources; as the amount of data grows the stress placed on the network also rises. Both ADO and ADO.NET let you minimize which data is transmitted. But ADO.NET offers another performance advantage in that ADO.NET does not require data-type conversions. ADO which requires COM marshalling to transmit records sets among components does require that ADO data types be converted to COM data types.
Penetrating Firewalls
A firewall can interfere with two components trying to transmit disconnected ADO recordsets. Remember firewalls are typically configured to allow HTML text to pass but to prevent system-level requests (such as COM marshalling) from passing.
Because components exchange ADO.NET datasets using XML firewalls can allow datasets to pass
