000340 01  TREE-TYPE      PIC X(15) VALUE 'BANANATREE'. 000350 01  FRUIT-TYPE     PIC X(15) VALUE 'BANANA'.     000360 01  TREE-FRUIT     PIC X(5).   If you wanna move only particular value to another variable instead of as a whole value you can use reference modification.
For Eg :

You can say
004310 004320     MOVE TREE-TYPE(1:5) TO TREE-FRUIT. 004440 

This will move "BANAN" to TREE-FRUIT. (The letters from position 1 of TREE-TYPE for 5 positions.So this : (colon) is called ref modification indicator.Like this you can use MOVE TREE-TYPE(2:4) TO TREE-FRUIT.So the character from 2nd position for 4 character length will get move.