static variables are stored in memory and not in registers and its default value is 0 also they are initialized only once.

static variables are stored in static memory location like HEAP

HI SUBHAJIT

FOLLOWING EXPLAINATION MAY HELP YOU

The all Static Variables store in DATA SEGMENT MEMORY AREA.

Now Question is that if there are two function contain static variables having
same name then how compiler manages two var without falling in any ambiguity.

So see the TRANSFORMATION ON STATIC VARIABLE:-
See the practical explaination : Lets we have two function namely f1 and f2 as follows

void f1(void) { static int iX 0; }
void f2(void) { static int iX 0; }

During compiling of these codes compiler converts variables in token called stag and defines as follows
.stabs iX:f1 38 0 0 _iX { for the static varibale iX of function 1 }
.stabs iX:f2 38 0 0 _iX { for the static varibale iX of function 2 }

For each process there is a symbol table which actually contains all variables and fuctions map.

The assembler transforms the stab into this symbol table entry in the `.o' file. The location is expressed as a data segment offset.
00000084 - 00 0000 STSYM iX :f1
00000088 - 00 0000 STSYM iX :f2

Symbol table is a compile-time data structure. It's not used during run time by statically typed languages. Formally a symbol table
maps names into declarations (called attributes) such as mapping the variable name x to its type int. Moreever it stores :
1) for each type name its type definition (eg. for the C type declaration typedef int* mytype it maps the name
mytype to a data structure that represents the type int*).
2) for each variable name its type. If the variable is an array it also stores dimension information. It may also store
storage class offset in activation record etc.
3)for each constant name its type and value.
4) for each function and procedure its formal parameter list and its output type. Each formal parameter must have name
type type of passing (by-reference or by-value) etc.

In the symbol table entry from the executable the linker has made the relocatable address absolute and symbol table goes out of picture.

0000e0ba - 00 0000 STSYM iX :f1
0000e00c - 00 0000 STSYM iX :f2

NOTE :- THIS IS GENERAL CONCEPT MAY THIS THINGS VARY FROM COMPILER TO COMPILER

IF YOU PEOPLE HAVE GOOD CLARIFICATION PLEASE SEND ME ON :

mohit.gonduley@gmail.com

Hi

Wanted to explain the later part of the quesiton when there are two static variables with the same name in two files then what would happen?

To be clear lets undertand what the term static means in various scenarios

(I)When a local variable is made static in a function it can be initialized only once and it exists thru out to scope of the function.

(II)If a global variable or a function is made static it means that that particular variable/function is local to that file.(If u try to access that variable/function from other file using the word extern it would result in an error).

(III)The static variables declared inside a class is the third type.

As the (II) explains clearly the static variable is local to that file. So though there exists a staic variable with the same name it doesnt matter.