What is OLAP, MOLAP, ROLAP, DOLAP, HOLAP? Examples?

Editorial / Best Answer

Answered by: John

  • Mar 27th, 2005


Cubes in a data warehouse are stored in three different modes. A relational storage model is called Relational Online Analytical Processing mode or ROLAP, while a Multidimensional Online Analytical processing mode is called MOLAP. When dimensions are stored in a combination of the two modes then it is known as Hybrid Online Analytical Processing mode or HOLAP. 
 
MOLAP 
 
This is the traditional mode in OLAP analysis. In MOLAP data is stored in form of multidimensional cubes and not in relational databases. The advantages of this mode is that it provides excellent query performance and the cubes are built for fast data retrieval. All calculations are pre-generated when the cube is created and can be easily applied while querying data. The disadvantages of this model are that it can handle only a limited amount of data. Since all calculations have been pre-built when the cube was created, the cube cannot be derived from a large volume of data. This deficiency can be bypassed by including only summary level calculations while constructing the cube. This model also requires huge additional investment as cube technology is proprietary and the knowledge base may not exist in the organization.  
 
 
ROLAP  
 
The underlying data in this model is stored in relational databases. Since the data is stored in relational databases this model gives the appearance of traditional OLAP’s slicing and dicing functionality. The advantages of this model is it can handle a large amount of data and can leverage all the functionalities of the relational database. The disadvantages are that the performance is slow and each ROLAP report is an SQL query with all the limitations of the genre. It is also limited by SQL functionalities. ROLAP vendors have tried to mitigate this problem by building into the tool out-of-the-box complex functions as well as providing the users with an ability to define their own functions.  
 
 
HOLAP  
 
HOLAP technology tries to combine the strengths of the above two models. For summary type information HOLAP leverages cube technology and for drilling down into details it uses the ROLAP model.  
 
Comparing the use of MOLAP, HOLAP and ROLAP 
 
The type of storage medium impacts on cube processing time, cube storage and cube browsing speed. Some of the factors that affect MOLAP storage are:  
 
Cube browsing is the fastest when using MOLAP. This is so even in cases where no aggregations have been done. The data is stored in a compressed multidimensional format and can be accessed quickly than in the relational database. Browsing is very slow in ROLAP about the same in HOLAP. Processing time is slower in ROLAP, especially at higher levels of aggregation.  
 
MOLAP storage takes up more space than HOLAP as data is copied and at very low levels of aggregation it takes up more room than ROLAP. ROLAP takes almost no storage space as data is not duplicated. However ROALP aggregations take up more space than MOLAP or HOLAP aggregations.  
 
All data is stored in the cube in MOLAP and data can be viewed even when the original data source is not available. In ROLAP data cannot be viewed unless connected to the data source.  
 
MOLAP can handle very limited data only as all data is stored in the cube.

Showing Answers 1 - 9 of 9 Answers

John

  • Mar 27th, 2005
 

Cubes in a data warehouse are stored in three different modes. A relational storage model is called Relational Online Analytical Processing mode or ROLAP, while a Multidimensional Online Analytical processing mode is called MOLAP. When dimensions are stored in a combination of the two modes then it is known as Hybrid Online Analytical Processing mode or HOLAP. 
 
MOLAP 
 
This is the traditional mode in OLAP analysis. In MOLAP data is stored in form of multidimensional cubes and not in relational databases. The advantages of this mode is that it provides excellent query performance and the cubes are built for fast data retrieval. All calculations are pre-generated when the cube is created and can be easily applied while querying data. The disadvantages of this model are that it can handle only a limited amount of data. Since all calculations have been pre-built when the cube was created, the cube cannot be derived from a large volume of data. This deficiency can be bypassed by including only summary level calculations while constructing the cube. This model also requires huge additional investment as cube technology is proprietary and the knowledge base may not exist in the organization.  
 
 
ROLAP  
 
The underlying data in this model is stored in relational databases. Since the data is stored in relational databases this model gives the appearance of traditional OLAP?s slicing and dicing functionality. The advantages of this model is it can handle a large amount of data and can leverage all the functionalities of the relational database. The disadvantages are that the performance is slow and each ROLAP report is an SQL query with all the limitations of the genre. It is also limited by SQL functionalities. ROLAP vendors have tried to mitigate this problem by building into the tool out-of-the-box complex functions as well as providing the users with an ability to define their own functions.  
 
 
HOLAP  
 
HOLAP technology tries to combine the strengths of the above two models. For summary type information HOLAP leverages cube technology and for drilling down into details it uses the ROLAP model.  
 
Comparing the use of MOLAP, HOLAP and ROLAP 
 
The type of storage medium impacts on cube processing time, cube storage and cube browsing speed. Some of the factors that affect MOLAP storage are:  
 
Cube browsing is the fastest when using MOLAP. This is so even in cases where no aggregations have been done. The data is stored in a compressed multidimensional format and can be accessed quickly than in the relational database. Browsing is very slow in ROLAP about the same in HOLAP. Processing time is slower in ROLAP, especially at higher levels of aggregation.  
 
MOLAP storage takes up more space than HOLAP as data is copied and at very low levels of aggregation it takes up more room than ROLAP. ROLAP takes almost no storage space as data is not duplicated. However ROALP aggregations take up more space than MOLAP or HOLAP aggregations.  
 
All data is stored in the cube in MOLAP and data can be viewed even when the original data source is not available. In ROLAP data cannot be viewed unless connected to the data source.  
 
MOLAP can handle very limited data only as all data is stored in the cube.

Sithu

  • Dec 15th, 2005
 

OLAP ? Online analytical Processes

 

MOLAP ? Multidimensional Online analytical Processes (Cubes)

 

ROLAP ? Relational Online analytical Processes (RDBMS)

 

HOLAP ? Combination of MOLAP & ROLAP

 

DOLAP ? Desktop Online analytical Processes (Cubes are stored in desktop also)

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sithusithu

  • Jan 10th, 2006
 

 

OLAP ? Online analytical Processes

 

MOLAP ? Multidimensional Online analytical Processes (Cubes)

 

ROLAP ? Relational Online analytical Processes (RDBMS)

 

HOLAP ? Combination of MOLAP & ROLAP

 

DOLAP ? Desktop Online analytical Processes (Cubes are stored in desktop also)

 

Cheers,

Sithu

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SWARNA

  • Nov 23rd, 2006
 

 OLAP(ONLINE ANALYTICAL PROCESSING):It is a set of specifications which allows the client applications in retriving the data from the DataWareHouse for analytical process.

There r 4 types of OLAPS we have

 1.DOLAP(DESKTOP OLAP)

2.ROLAP(RELATIONAL OLAP)

3.MOLAP(MULTIDIMENSTIONAL OLAP)

4.HOLAP(HYBRID OLAP)

1.DOLAP: The OLAP which communicates with DESKTOP DATABASES to retrive the data is called DOLAP.

ex:cognos,business object tools.

2.ROLAP: The OLAP which communicates with RELATIONAL DATABASES to retrive the data is called ROLAP.

ex:COGNOS REPORT NET,BUSINESS OBJECTS,MICROSTRATAGY,HYPERION

3.MOLAP: The OLAP which communicates with MULTI DIMENSIONAL DATABASES to retrive the data is called MOLAP.

ex:COGNOS ,HYPERION

4.HOLAP: The OLAP  which uses the combined features of ROLAP,MOLAP is called HOLAP.

ex:COGNOS  

hai vishwanatha

   Report net belongs to ROLAP, beacause it communicates with the relational sources

Stephen

  • Mar 11th, 2015
 

what type is MS SSAS cubes? ROLAP, MOLAP or HOLAP?

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