a source definition database contain the datatypes that are used in the orginal database from which the source is extracted. where the source qualifier is used to convert the source definition datatypes to the informatica datatypes. which is easy to work with.

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Source definition in database is simply the table definition, but the source qulifier is one of the transformation in informaitca from which we can specify the data selection criteria to the database.
For example if you are using only 3 columns out of the available 10 columns in a table along with some filter conditons to load data in the target table. We can simply select those 3 coulmns and include the filter conditions either in the query or in the filter condition in the source qualifier properties.

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