select deptno count(*) no_emp from emp group by deptno;
this will give you like
deptno no_emp
10 4
20 5
...........
now to put this result in a single row use:
select count(decode(deptno 10 deptno null)) No_empof_10dept
count(decode(deptno 20 deptno null)) no_empof_20dept
count(decode(deptno 10 null 20 null deptno)) otherthen_10_20
from emp;