without using function overloading how can do the same job?

This can be achieved by using template.
For ex. template T mul( T a, T b);

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To some extent this can be achieved by using default arguments for the func. But this also depends what all parameters you need to pass in different cases.

depends on the requirement. if you got fixed no of arguments like,

sum(int, int)
sum(float, float) .. go for Templates.

If you have variable arguments and you know the data types, then make use of va_list. ie variable argument list

define the function like, sum(int x, ... ) { //code }

In this you can call the function as, sum(1,2,3) or sum(1) etc...

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