OOPS - What is the purpose of friend function and is it overwhilmimg the private policy of oops concept?

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What is the purpose of friend function and is it overwhilmimg the private policy of oops concept?

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Last Update: January 19, 2006 Asked by: vasanthakumar

OOPS Tutorials

Object oriented programming OOP is a computer science term used to characterize a programming language that began development in the 1960’ s The term object oriented programming’ was originally coined by Xerox PARC to designate a computer application that describes the methodol

C++ Pure Virtual Function and Base Class

C Pure Virtual Function and Virtual Base Class In this C tutorial you will learn about pure virtual function declaration of pure virtual function and virtual base class virtual base class and how to implement a virtual base class explained with examples mosgoogle center What is Pure Virtual Function

C++ Function Passing Types

C Function Passing Types In this C tutorial you will learn about function passing types two types of arguments passing in functions passed by value  and  passed by reference are discussed here mosgoogle center The arguments passed to a function can be performed in two ways Passed

What is DECODE function used for?

DECODE is used to decode a CHAR or VARCHAR2 or NUMBER into any of several different character strings or numbers based on value. That is DECODE does a value-by-value substitution. For every value that is given in the DECODE function it makes an if then check and matches the value. The general format

printf() Function Return Value

What is the return value from printf() function? printf function always returns the number of characters printed. Let us understand this with an example: main() { int a=10; printf("%d",printf("%d %d %d", a,a,a)); } In this above program the inner printf i

How is the main() function declared?

The declaration of main can be done as int main() One more declaration that can be taken by main is command line arguments form int main(int argc, char *argv[]) or this can also be written as int main(argc, argv) int argc; char *argv[]; NOTE: It is not possible for one to declare the main

How does the function call within function get evaluated?

Whenever we have more than one function which is called for a finite number of times then such a function gets evaluated from inside out. Let us understand this concept with an example. For instance consider a function sample called within it 4 times as given in program below: main() { int a=50;

What happens when a variable is not initialized in main function?

When a variable is not initialized in main function it contains garbage value. This can be well seen from the example below main() { int x; printf(“%d”,x); z= sample() } sample() { printf(“Testing program”); } Output is   &n

What is the default return value of a function?

The default return value from a function is int. In other words, unless explicitly specified the default return value by compiler would be integer value from function.   When a programmer wants other than integer values to be returned from function then it is essential that the pro

What happens when a variable is not declared in function definition?

Generally in C program the function definition and calling takes the form as given below: main() { int x,y,z; z=sample(x,y); printf(“%d”,z); } sample(x1,y1) int x1,y1; { int z1; z1= x1 - y1; return(z1); } Here what happens is the values x, y gets passed to x1,y1

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